KIND OF SELF-PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN INDUSTRIAL FACTORIES

Working or doing work in an industrial factory is something that is certain to be done by all workers or employees.

By doing this job, the worker automatically deals directly with job jobs that have a wide variety of hazard risks or jobs that have potential hazards that can be caused by the impact of the work or can also be caused by workers who do the work themselves.

All types of work have different hazards or potential hazards depending on the type and type of work being done.

Potential hazards are gaps or opportunities for a hazard that can cause work accidents experienced by workers or employees while doing work.

The occurrence of work accidents cannot be avoided, but at least we as workers or work actors can minimize the occurrence of a work accident by anticipating any potential hazards or risk of hazards that occur in a job that we do, in addition to that we as work actors must always be careful, alert and focused at work.

By understanding and understanding the potential or risk hazards in our work, we can automatically understand the effects of accidents from these potential hazards so that we can be more vigilant and careful when doing this work.

After we know that there is a potential or risk of danger in a job, the next step is to protect ourselves from these potential hazards so that the work we do does not cause work accidents that happen to us, people around us and company assets related to it. production result.

The things we need to do before we do work to protect ourselves from work accidents after we know the potential hazards of the work we do are as follows:

• Protect yourself with personal protective equipment or what is commonly referred to as PPE.
• Check the function of work tools before doing work and ensure that work tools are functioning properly or work tools are not in abnormal conditions.
• Checking and ensuring that the work area around us is safe for doing work, both safe for workers doing work, safe for people around the work and safe for company assets in the form of products or production machines.

Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) is an absolute right of a worker that must be obtained from the company and is also an absolute obligation that must be done by workers when doing work in order to avoid fatal work accidents.

Safety equipment is the most basic personal protective equipment that must be used by workers in factories, both those working in the field and in the management sector, because the accident factor does not mean it only occurs from the field, and potential hazards are always present in every worker's activity that can result in an accident, while a work accident must injure the perpetrator of the work, both types of minor work accidents, medium work accidents or serious work accidents.

The following are the types of personal protective equipment (PPE) commonly used by workers in industrial plants:

1 SAFETY SHOES

Safety shoes are personal protective equipment that is used to protect the lower legs from work accidents while doing work.

The function of safety shoes is to protect workers from the following types of accidents:

• Protects toes from the potential danger of tripping over unexpected objects that are not visible to workers.
• Protects feet from the potential danger of being pinched by moving objects.
• Protects feet from the potential danger of being hit by heavy objects such as iron, steel, wood, etc.
• Protects your feet from potential scalding or injury from stepping on hot objects.
• Protects the feet from the potential danger of falling into a hole or pit.
• Protects the lower legs from being scalded by harmful and toxic fluids.
• Protect your feet from being stepped on by hard objects, etc.

2) HELMET OR HAT

A helmet or hat is one of the personal protective equipment that is used to protect the head from potential hazards in the factory during routine activities.

Helmet is a type of head protection that is used specifically by workers who have work activities with high risk or potential hazards.

Examples are maintenance workers or technicians, lifting and transportation driver workers, workers loading and unloading heavy objects.

A hat is a type of head protection worn by workers who have a risk or potential for a lighter hazard or the worker does not move his work position too much or does not do very dangerous types of work

Examples are production workers, administrator workers, QA and WT workers, driver workers, GA workers, etc.

The helmet function as a head protector in every high-risk job is as follows:

• Protect the head from the potential danger of being hit from hard objects, because workers such as technicians will certainly be a lot of activities in narrow places and many objects around that are beyond sight.
• Protecting the head from the potential danger of being pinched by a moving object without the worker realizing it. Because workers often deal with production machines that are abnormal, it does not rule out this could happen, so that the helmet function has a role in protecting the head from the danger of being pinched directly.
• Protect the head from the potential danger of falling foreign objects from above a height. Because workers do not focus in all directions, there could be a potential danger of foreign objects falling from a height where other workers are below.
• Protecting the head from the potential danger of being hit by a workpiece or work tool. For workers who work more than one person, there is a potential for errors in work or communication errors so that there is a potential danger of having the workpiece detached and hitting other workers
• Protects the head from potential hazards when it falls down so that it is safe from impacting the floor or other objects.
• Protects the head from potential hazards when workers fall from a height so that the head is safe from direct impact with the floor or ground.
• Protects head hair from the potential dangers of being rolled by the engine speed because the hair has electrostatic properties so that it can be attracted by the rotation of the production machine.

Meanwhile, the function of the hat as a head protector for workers with less potential hazards is as follows:

• Protects the head from the potential danger of being exposed to droplets of dangerous and poisonous liquid objects.
• Protects the head from the potential danger of being exposed to wind leaking from the production machine.
• Protects hair from falling and contaminating the product.
• Protects hair from the potential dangers of being rolled by the production machine spinning for female workers with long hair.
• Protects hair from potential hazards of being sucked in by a production engine blower.
• Protects hair from the potential dangers of rolling on a production machine because hair has electrostatic properties.

3) GLOVES

Gloves are personal protective equipment that is used to protect the hands and fingers from potential dangers.

The goals of using gloves are:

• To protect the parts of the hands from the potential hazards caused by job effects.
• To protect the product from contamination by workers' sweat or other dirty substances that can reduce the quality of the product.

The function of gloves from the potential hazards caused by the effects of work is different depending on the type of work.

Here are the types of gloves and their functions:

a) Gloves Made of Cotton.

Gloves made of cotton are usually used for general work or not for certain specific jobs.

Here are the functions of gloves made of cotton:

• Protects the hands and fingers from the potential danger of being pinched by workpieces or production machine parts when carrying out repairs. This usually happens to mechanical technician workers.
• Protecting hands and fingers from the potential dangers of pinched hands when operating production machines. This usually happens to production workers.
• Protects hands and fingers from potential hitting hazards while workers are doing hitting work.
• Protects hands and fingers from potential hazards of scalded and injured hands due to exposure to hot objects. This can happen because workers do not know that there are hot objects around workers such as heaters, TCU heat pipes, hot machines.
• Protects the hands and fingers from the potential dangers of hazardous and toxic substances in the form of solids, powders and other chemicals or chemicals that can damage the skin of the hands.
• Protects hands and fingers from potential hazards of hot water from the production machine system so that hands and fingers are not injured.
• Protect hands and fingers from the potential danger of being stepped on by coworkers because working conditions involve more than one worker.
• Protects hands and fingers from the potential danger of being scratched by sharp objects when performing cutting or repairing work.
• Protects hands and fingers from potential hitting hazards while doing hammer work.
• Protects hands and fingers from the potential danger of being punctured by work tools such as screwdrivers or punctured by machine workpieces such as sharp objects.

b) Gloves Made of Plastic or Rubber

Gloves made of plastic or rubber are usually used by workers to do this type of work:

• Related to hazardous and toxic materials or B3.
• For types of work related to wet materials, muddy materials, materials used for lubrication such as oil and grease.

Here are some of the functions of gloves made of plastic or rubber:

• Protects hands and fingers from the potential dangers of dry and irritated skin against the impact of hazardous and toxic substances from types of liquids such as gasoline, diesel, naphtha, solvents, etc.
• Protects hands and fingers from the potential dangers of itchy skin - itching and poisoning against the impact of harmful and toxic substances from types of powders such as chemichals, carbon dust, etc.
• Protects hands and fingers from potential irritation and itching hazards from manufactured and domestic waste materials.

c) Gloves Made of Leather

Gloves made of leather are usually used to do jobs that have extra potential hazards, such as:

• Moving objects that are hot or working in hot areas such as molding, curing, etc.
• Jobs related to work shop or machining do work that requires rotating tools such as cutting, turning, drilling, slotter, milling, band saw, etc.

4) GLASS EYES AND FACE SHIELD

Eye glasses are personal protective equipment that functions to protect the eye so that it is not exposed to or the entry of foreign objects from the effect of doing work.

Face shield is a personal protective device that functions to protect the face completely so that it is not exposed to foreign debris when we are doing work.

Types of glasses and their functions and uses are as follows:

a) Transparent glasses

Serves to protect the eye from the potential danger of entering foreign objects such as dust, bits of grinding material, droplets or splashes of dangerous and toxic liquids, scrap material from lathes, iron scrap from drilling, debris from saw material, smoke from pollution from grinding work, etc.

Transparent glasses with face shields basically have the same function, namely protecting the face, the only difference is that transparent glasses only protect around the eyes, while the face shield can protect the face as a whole.

So safely it is better to use a face shield, so that all corners of our face are protected from foreign objects.

The use of transparent glasses and face shields is used in jobs such as:

Grinding, milling, drilling, band saw, sloter, cutting, honing, etc.

b) Welding glasses or glasses for welding

Serves to protect eye organ damage from the potential dangers of welding light effect when we do welding, be it electric welding, argon welding, Co2 welding.

These welding glasses are only specially used when we are doing welding work, because the glass from these glasses is dark and will only be able to see the welding light.

While the shape of this welding eye glass varies in style and shape depending on taste, however, the safest welding glasses are the full face welding glasses because in addition to protecting vision, the full face model can also protect parts of our face from the irritation effect of light radiation. welding.

5) MASK

Masks are personal protective equipment that functions to protect the parts of the respiratory organs from the potential hazards of dust, smoke from the production process and protect from liquids or chemicals that smell sharp.

The types of work that use masks are as follows:

• Production operators who work in dusty areas, both production material dust and environmental dust.
• Production operators working in areas with strong odors such as gasoline, painting, naftah areas, etc.
• The process of grinding to prevent iron flakes from being inhaled by inhalation.
• Welding process to prevent welding fumes from being inhaled by inhalation.

6) EAR PLUG (EAR HOLE COVER)

Ear Plug is a personal protective device that functions to protect the eardrum from noise.

This ear plug is a special tool used by operators who work in areas with engine noise such as generators or boilers in the factory, other machine areas that have high noise.

The potential hazards caused by noise when not using personal protective equipment such as ear plugs are as follows;

• There was damage to the workers' eardrums so that they were deaf.
• Reducing the hearing power of workers.

7) SAFETY BELT OR BODY HARDNESS

Safety belt or body hardness is a personal protective device to protect the limbs from falling from a height when working at a height.

In all elevations there is a risk of falling from a height, causing work accidents and injury and even death.

The use of a safety belt when doing work at a height must be good and correct so that the use of the safety belt works properly by attaching the safety belt hook to the available guide, so that when the worker unexpectedly falls, the safety belt will hold the worker from falling from a height .

The potential hazards arising from working at heights are as follows:

• Workers are not leaning on properly so that there is a potential for workers to slip and fall.
• Workers are not concentrated and alert so that workers have the potential to fall so that they can fall.

 8) APRON WELDING

Apron welding is a special personal protective equipment used by workers when doing welding work to protect limbs such as arms, legs, and chest.

Apron welding tends to be made of leather because it is more resistant to welding heat and sparks.

The potential hazards of welding without using an apron are as follows;

• The limbs are exposed to welding splashes so that the limbs can be injured.
• Work uniforms can catch fire from welding sparks so that it can injure the body.
• Limbs can be exposed to radiation from the heat of the weld.

Those are the types of personal protective equipment and functions that are used when working in industrial plants.